As 2019 draws to a close, media outlets are2019It is time to reflect on the news that characterized the year.GNVBut the ranking, which summarizes the year's news, "of the lurking world.10momentous news".2018The company has been presenting its products since 2006,2018In first place for the year.Reforms in Ethiopiawas elected. in Japan.2019Looking back at the international press in 2006, the United Kingdom's exit from the European Union (Brexit(CNN) issue, the fire at Notre Dame Cathedral in France, and the massive demonstrations in Hong Kong were probably the most notable events. However, there are many significant events that have occurred around the world that have not received coverage commensurate with their scale, according to theGNVthinks. Therefore,2018As in 2006, we will be reporting on important but under-reported news.10The following is a summary of the ranking of the most popular cases.

For more information on ranking criteria and methods, please contact2018It is not dissimilar to the year 2000. Please refer to the footnote (*1) for detailed criteria and (*2) for how we measure the amount of coverage. Let's start from the first place.

No. 1 World: "Climate Apartheid

The effects of climate change are not only on the natural environment but also on human society,2019The year 2006 was particularly evident in the escalation of poverty problems caused by climate change.2019counter for years (following a number in the hito-futa-mi counting system)6month25The "The United Nations report mentioned in the report onclimate apartheidThe "poor people's movement" is symbolic of this. This term describes a social phenomenon in which climate change will further widen the gap between rich and poor, threatening the lives of the poor more than ever and causing a kind of separation (apartheid) between the rich and the poor. The "rich," including those in developed countries, can manage to cope with all the problems that will result from climate change, even if it progresses. On the other hand, the living standards of the poor, who constitute the majority of the world's population, will continue to deteriorate. Ironically, the responsibility of the high-income countries for causing climate change is left in limbo, while the low-income countries are left to deal with the consequences. While many low-income regions are located in areas vulnerable to the effects of climate change, extreme climate change will contribute to food supply instability and settlement difficulties, and "theclimate refugeeIt also produces a lot of "too much". Also, the aforementioned(written) reportAccording to the2030approximately by the year 20001hundred million2They say that it will plunge 10 million people into poverty. As a concrete example of this, it can be cited that rising temperatures due to global warming will cause many working environments to become "fatalThe problem is that workers are suffering from a "high temperature" condition. Workers spending long periods of time in places with high temperatures increases their susceptibility to all kinds of diseases, including kidney disease, which has already caused many deaths. If temperatures continue to rise,21By the end of the century, about810,000,000 peopleSome people have lost their jobs, and about24The economic impact will be as much as US$100 million.

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Land cracked by drought (Photo: Seaq68/Pixabay [CC0])

No. 2 Indian Ocean, U.K.: Criticized for not agreeing to return Chagos Islands

The Chagos Islands are located in the middle of the Indian Ocean,1814It has been a British territory since 1949 to the present. The Chagos Islands used to be under the jurisdiction of British Mauritius,1965It was detached from Mauritius in 1949,1968In 1949, Mauritius became independent and the Chagos Islands constituted the British Indian Ocean Territory. At that time, the entire island population was removed from the islands and a U.S. military base was built, which has been used as a base for air strikes in Iraq and Afghanistan. However, Mauritius has claimed ownership of the Chagos Islands,2019counter for years (following a number in the hito-futa-mi counting system)2In May, the International Court of Justice (ICJThe United Kingdom (U.S.A.) has declared that the British possession of the Chagos Islands is illegal and urged that Chagos be returned to Mauritius as soon as possible.advisory opinionThe United Kingdom, however, did not comply with this recommendation, and the United States was forced to withdraw from the program. But because the British did not respond to this recommendation,5In May, the majority of countries at the United Nations General AssemblycriticismThe humiliating end was that the United Kingdom was to receive a The vote here allowed the UK to move forward within six months, i.e., within2019counter for years (following a number in the hito-futa-mi counting system)11month22Despite the request to return Chagos by the end of the day, once again the country did not comply, and the African Union requested furtherblamereceived.

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U.S. Air Force bombers flying near the Chagos Islands (Photo: Sarah E. Shaw/Wikimedia Commons [CC0])

No. 3 East African region: major flooding

The East Africa region is2019counter for years (following a number in the hito-futa-mi counting system)10Since May, heavy rains and flooding have caused extensive damage. The heavy rains have been particularly damaging in the East African region, which includes Kenya, Somalia, Sudan, Ethiopia, and Uganda,11As of the end of the month280 personsdeaths. However, the effects of the heavy rains were280The number of people displaced from their homes reached 10,000,000, hundreds of thousands more were forced to flee their homes, and farmland became infeasible,5Ten million people are suffering from food shortages. Infectious diseases such as cholera and dengue fever are also prevalent due to deteriorating sanitary conditions, and secondary disasters will inevitably cause chaos. This shows the vulnerability of the East African region to climate change,climate apartheidIn fact, this flood is an example of an Indian Ocean Dipole Mode phenomenon (see Figure 1). In fact, this flood, an Indian Ocean dipole mode event (Indian Ocean Dipole:IODcalledphenomenonThis is due to theIODis similar to the El Niño phenomenon. As in this case, when sea water temperatures rise on the western side of the Indian Ocean, which also borders the African continent, rainfall increases in the surrounding areas. Conversely, however, sea water temperatures decrease in the east, resulting in a drier climate in Indonesia and Australia, which are in contact with the Indian Ocean.2019This phenomenon was particularly strong in 2006, and the East African region wasthree timesIn parallel, Indonesia and Australia experienced fire-prone years. As evidenced by the fact that the damage was not confined to the East African region, the IOD has been noted as a climatic phenomenon with global repercussions.

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Flooding in South Sudan (Photo: UNMISS/Flickr [CC BY-NC-ND 2.0])

No. 4 World: Dengue Fever Spreads to Record High

In 2019, the number of people infected with dengue fever will beMost YearsThe number of people infected with dengue fever has increased to an unprecedented level. Dengue fever is a viral tropical disease transmitted by mosquitoes, and the number of people infected with dengue fever has increased to an unprecedented level due to the expansion of mosquito habitats as a result of global warming. Dengue fever is a viral disease transmitted by mosquitoes.1970In the 1950s, it was prevalent in only nine countries.100It can now be seen in more than one country.2019In 2012, the disease is still prevalent in several Asian countries, resulting in numerous deaths. If temperatures continue to rise and the area of infection continues to expand, the disease could spread to other parts of the world,2080In the year2015Compared to the previous yearabout20hundred millionwill also increase the number of infected people. However, stopping the spread of dengue fevermethodhave also been found. In one experiment, mosquitoes infected with the bacterium Borrelia were released in several countries, and infection with dengue fever was70%〜tilde96%The number of people who have been affected by the disaster has decreased. Fundamental measures against global warming are also urgently needed, but they are attracting high expectations as a temporary solution.

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Hitosuchimika deer (Photo: John Tann/Flickr [CC BY 2.0])

No. 5 Algeria: Second "Arab Spring" center

In Algeria2019counter for years (following a number in the hito-futa-mi counting system)2In May, a large scale populardemonstrationThe first of these events occurred in 1979, when the longtime presidential candidate It all started when long-time presidential candidate Abdelaziz Bouteflika entered the presidential race5This is the first time that he has announced his intention to run for a second term. Mr. Bouteflika is,1990He became a highly popular president as the man who led the armed conflict of the 1950s to peace. However,2013He suffered a stroke in 2006 and has remained largely unseen,2014without any campaigning at all in 2006.4He was inaugurated for a second term. Behind his bedridden back, the military, the intelligence services, and the president's brother manipulated politics. Under this de facto regime, known as "le pouvoir," there was a sense of distrust in the country as a result of revelations of corruption in the government. When the president, who had not been seen publicly for six years, announced that he was running for a fifth term, the people rose up. The demonstrations were800,000 peopleThe scale of the situation developed to the point that Bouteflika decided not to run for president in March and was forced to resign in April. In addition, his brother, Mr.being arrestedIn addition, many other powerful people were interrogated. However, since the interim government that replaced Bouteflika's government was composed of people who held key positions in the previous government, popular demonstrations calling for a purge of existing power and democratic elections continued. Amidst the chaos, which led to some arrests by the people, a presidential election was forced on December 12, 2019, with the candidates of the existing authorities, and approximately40%Former Prime Minister Abdelmajid Thebn was inaugurated as president with a low turnout of However, dissatisfaction with the unorthodox regime has not ceased, and as of December 19, 2019, the demonstrations have not subsided. It has been 10 months since the first demonstrations. Dissatisfaction with politics is not limited to Algeria, but can also be confirmed as a trend in the Middle East and North Africa region. Regime change has been achieved in Sudan, but demonstrations continue in Iraq and Lebanon due to dissatisfaction with the regime, and "The Second Arab SpringIt is also called "the

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Demonstration in Algeria (Photo: Adjer/Wikimedia Commons [CC BY-SA 4.0])

No. 6 Brazil: Intensifying Human Rights Violations Against Indigenous Peoples

In Brazil, human rights violations against indigenous peoples living in the Amazon rainforest have been met with tacit government approval andpraiseThis is being done under the The rights and lands of indigenous peoples that were supposed to be protected are being illegally violated, and they are being threatened and killed along with environmental activists.2019Far-right Jair Bolsonaro, who has been Brazil's president since 2006, has been a reasonable and protected land and rights of the indigenous Amazonian people.No reason.and was becoming weaker, about90It has spurred violations of the system that protects the rights of the 10,000,000 indigenous peoples. Industry, particularly Brazilian agriculture, is deeply involved in this. Although the Amazon rainforest covers about half of Brazil's land area, large areas of the rainforest have been cleared for timber harvesting, pasture and mining development, and fodder production, leaving only about400The situation is such that only a few areas of the "protected areas" are barely left. However, even that protected area is threatened by Bolsonaro's appointment, and indigenous people are being detained andKilled or...etc.human rights violationHe has received a number of He also wants farm operators to be allowed to keep guns, among other things.proposalThe history of the indigenous people of the Amazon is a good example of this. The history of the indigenous Amazonian peoples,1960In the 1950s, the military regimegenocideAlthough the1985The country was democratized in 1949,1988In 1949, a constitution was created that included the protection of the lands and rights of indigenous peoples. However, the rise of the far-right Bolsonaro and the need for more land to meet the once swollen foreign demand in livestock production have led to notable violations of the Amazon rainforest and the indigenous people who live there. In addition, the demand for livestock products is thus a result of environmental destruction and climate change.One of the causesIt is considered to be a

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An American demonstration directing a message to Bolsonaro: "Protect Amazon" (Photo: Peg Hunter/Flickr [CC BY-NC 2.0])

No. 7 Southeast Asia: Fires and Transboundary Air Pollution in Indonesia

In Indonesia2019In 2006, serious fires broke out frequently. While it may be fresh in the mind that the Amazon rainforest was hit by major fires, fires of an even larger scale disrupted Southeast Asia. In Indonesia, slash-and-burn agriculture is popular, and the reclamation of farmland to produce palm oil and pulp is an annual occurrence. However,2019year is the aforementioned Indian Ocean climatic phenomenon.IODDue to reduced rainfall and dryness caused by2015It was the first disaster since 1949.2,000Forest fires with a total area of more than 1,000 hectares have been recorded throughout Indonesia, and smoke pollution has caused approximately10010,000 people complained of respiratory illnesses, and schools in Indonesia, Malaysia, and Singapore were closed.forced to do something because one has no other choiceThe fires also disrupted operations at many airports. According to the World Bank, the total amount of damage from the fires was Indonesia'sGDP(at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion0.5%equal toUS$5.2 billionand the economic impact is significant. In addition, the area of land burned exceeds that of the Amazon fires, and the carbon dioxide emissions exceed thoseDouble the amountIn addition, there is great concern about the impact on the ecosystem because the burned land includes forests where endangered species live.

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Aerial view of smoke damage on Borneo (Photo: Joshua Stevens/Wikimedia Commons [CC0])

No. 8 Arctic Circle: Unusual Fires

In 2019, the Arctic Circle will be home to so manyfirehave occurred in the Arctic. The Arctic Circle is the entire region that includes Siberia, Alaska, Canada, and Greenland, and fires resulting from spontaneous combustion caused by lightning strikes are not uncommon in this region. However,2019The number of incidents and the area burned in 2006 were extraordinary.2019age-old school4,700 cases80,000 due to fires over3The total area burned in the region is 1,000,000 square kilometers, and the European Union (EU)EUThe area of theexceedamount of smoke, and Belgium's annual emissions.exceed (esp. figures: profits, unemployment rate, etc.)Carbon dioxide emissions were seen. The cause of this phenomenon, which has been called "an unprecedented anomaly," is, once again, climate change. Compared to other regions, the ArcticApprox. 2 timeswarming at a rate of 1.5°C per year, but it is different from other forest fires because of the vicious cycle that is described below. First, the reduction of snow and sea ice reduces the reflection of sunlight, making it easier for heat to be absorbed by the land surface. Then, the temperature rises and the land dries out, creating conditions conducive to fire. Dry Arctic peat is highly flammable, and when it burns, it spreads slowly using the methane gas contained in the peat as fuel. Furthermore, because Arctic peat is rich in carbon, these peat fires release large amounts of carbon dioxide and other toxic gases. Global warming has created the worst possible cycle: more lightning strikes. These fires also have a significant impact on ecosystems. However, the problem with Arctic fires is that they are large in scale, remote, and often left unattended by firefighters. The challenge is to deal with and tackle the fires when they occur.

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Firefighting in Alaska (Photo: The National Guard/Flickr [CC BY 2.0])

No. 9 Kuwait: Online Human Trafficking

201910In June, an investigation by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) found that illegal online slave markets are operating in Kuwait and other Gulf countries, where domestic workers are bought and sold.Obviously.It has become. Although human trafficking is inherently prohibited under the guidelines of IT companies, applications used for human trafficking, including "4Sale," a Kuwait-based transaction brokerage application, existed on Google Inc. and Apple Inc. stores, as well as on Facebook-owned Instagram, which is owned by Facebook, was also trading using hashtags. The traffickers were mainly women from foreign countries, such as the Philippines and Africa, who may not have informed the traffickers that they were being trafficked. In this study, the traffickers were very clear: "We do not follow the law.proposalThe traffickers are advised to confiscate the passports of the domestic workers, control their movements, and deny them any vacation time. These transactions employ the "kafala" system, where the worker's work visa and passport are controlled by the employer, and the worker is left with no recourse but to cry himself to sleep (this system is known as theCountries that have abolished(There are also some). The problem here is that Apple, Google, and Facebook did not regulate or police such applications and hashtags. For more on the online market exposed in the wake of this BBC investigation, seeCrackdown.It seems that the question is whether it was impossible to take prompt action before this came to light. However, this online market is only the tip of the iceberg, and there are still many traffickers and slavers in the market.realityIt is. In this connection, the issue of migrant labor is a matter of diplomatic relations between Kuwait and the Philippines.aggravationThe situation has also led to The approximately 260,000 Filipinos who go to Kuwait to work as domestic workers have triggered incidents of violence or even murder of these domestic workers, leading to bilateral tensions.

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Trading application "4Sale" displayed in the Apple App Store

No. 10 Canada: Recognizes human rights violations as "genocide

The Canadian government has2019counter for years (following a number in the hito-futa-mi counting system)6In May, he admitted that he had been involved in genocide. This genocide was committed against indigenous women and girls living in Canada, as well as against sexual minorities (LGBT(vs.) theseveral decadesThe project has been carried out over a period of about4,000-ian (e.g. Italian, etc.) (attaches to name of country)of indigenous peoples had been killed or were missing. In addition, as part of the integration policy, about150,000 peopleThe policy of separating the children from their parents and sending them to live in boarding schools was1980It continued until the 1980s. However, there has been little official investigation or action by the Canadian government to date, andOverlooked.but to respond to the swelling frustration and anger of the indigenous population,2016Finally, a government investigation was conducted in 2006. The results showed that the violence being perpetrated against the indigenous people was genocide.Concluded.The government itself has admitted its responsibility. How will the Canadian government accept this fact, and how will it deal with the situation of aboriginal women and women's rights?LGBTIt will be interesting to see if they build a system that protects their rights.

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Activists protesting violence against indigenous women (Photo: Obert Madondo/Flickr [CC BY-NC-SA 2.0])

Chosen by.10That's all for now. We hope that you have been able to read that amidst the many events that occur, not all the important news is reported without a break.2019In 2006, topics related to climate change were particularly prominent, both in terms of size and number. This10There are many other news items that we did not cover but that could be considered significant. It is not possible to go into all of them,GNVschool (e.g. of ikebana)2020We will look at matters that have not been reported for years and fill in the missing information in the existing media.

　The ranking is based on the amount of coverage and impact of the event or phenomenon,2019The evaluation was conducted according to several criteria, including the scale of change over the years. Also,2019Even if it is an event or phenomenon that has been going on since before the year 2000,2019Matters revealed in the year are ranked as well as news that occurred in 2019.

The specific decisions are as follows World.6The report is divided into three regions ((1) East, South, and Central Asia; (2) Southeast Asia, Pacific Ocean, and Indian Ocean; (3) Middle East and North Africa; (4) Sub-Saharan Africa; (5) Europe; and (6) North and South America) and the events and phenomena that occurred in each region are described.4Each of the six cases is a global event or phenomenon that is not limited to a particular region, for a total of six cases.30For each event/phenomenon, we selected news events/phenomena that received less coverage in the country. For each event/phenomenon, the following criteria were used: (1) low volume of coverage, (2) cross-border nature, (3) number of people affected, (4) degree of impact on the political, economic, security, and other systems, and (5) degree of freshness.5For each of the three criteria3The scores were given on a point scale. (1) The weight was doubled with respect to the small amount of media coverage, since the ranking places particular importance on matters that have not received much attention. The result,30out of the seven cases5news was determined and the rest of the5There was a tie on the case6Of the cases, the editorial board discussed and5The number of cases was narrowed down to three. The final ranking of the tied entries was determined after discussion at the editorial meeting. The amount of coverage was2019counter for years (following a number in the hito-futa-mi counting system)1month1from the day of2019counter for years (following a number in the hito-futa-mi counting system)12The data was compiled through March 17.

2 When examining the amount of coverage, Asahi Shimbun, Mainichi Shimbun, and Yomiuri Shimbun3Company's online database (Asahi Shimbun: Monzo)II(Mainichi Shimbun: Mainichi Shimbun, Yomiuri Shimbun: Yomidas History Museum).

As for the criteria for counting an article as press coverage, we determined whether the topic was the main theme of the article or not. In other words, if the article mentions the topic only in part of the article, it is not counted as the volume of coverage.

For example, when examining the amount of coverage of the topic of "climate apartheid," articles in which the term "climate apartheid" itself was used3The company could not find any. However, we counted as "climate apartheid" the amount of coverage of articles that focus on the widening gap between the rich and the poor as a result of the various problems caused by climate change that are being passed on to the poor and other vulnerable groups.

As another example, when we examined the volume of coverage of the topic "Human Rights Violations Against Indigenous Peoples in Brazil," the main topic was not that human rights violations against indigenous peoples were taking place, but rather that forest fires in the Amazon were the main topic, and articles that only referred to the indigenous people living there were not The articles that only mentioned the indigenous peoples living there were not counted as

Writer: Mina Kosaka

Data: Natsumi Motoura

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